Comprehensive Guide: Setting Up Windows Monitoring with Grafana and Prometheus for Enhanced Server Performance
Updated
•32 min read
Introduction:
In this guide, we will walk you through the process of installing and configuring Windows monitoring using Grafana and Prometheus. Monitoring your Windows servers is crucial for maintaining system health and identifying potential issues before they impact your infrastructure. We'll use the Prometheus exporter for Windows and integrate it with Grafana for visualization.
Installation:
a. Download Windows Exporter:
- Download the Windows exporter from this link.
b. Download NSSM:
- Download NSSM from this link to run the exporter in the background.
c. Test Windows Exporter:
Open a command prompt and run the following command to test the exporter:
./windows_exporter.exe --collectors.enabled="cpu,cs,iis,logical_disk,net,os,service,system,textfile"- Ensure that the command runs successfully.
d. Run Windows Exporter in Background:
Add NSSM to the environment variables on Windows.
Run the following commands to install and start the exporter in the background:
nssm install Windows_exporter \path\to\windows_exporter-0.24.0-386.exe --collectors.enabled="cpu,cs,iis,logical_disk,net,os,service,system,textfile" nssm set Windows_exporter AppStdout /path/to/windows-exporter.out.log nssm set Windows_exporter AppStderr /path/to/windows-exporter.err.log nssm set windows-exporter Description Jaeger Agent service nssm start Windows_exporterConfigure Prometheus:
Edit the Prometheus configuration file to scrape metrics from the Windows exporter. Default port for Windows exporter is 9182.
Example configuration in Prometheus YAML file:
scrape_configs:
- job_name: "windows"
static_configs:
- targets: ["<Windows server ip>:9182"]
Set Up Grafana:
- Import a Grafana dashboard using a JSON file. You can find a suitable JSON file for Windows monitoring dashboard on Grafana's website or community forums.
{
"__inputs": [
{
"name": "DS__VICTORIAMETRICS",
"label": " VictoriaMetrics",
"description": "",
"type": "datasource",
"pluginId": "prometheus",
"pluginName": "Prometheus"
}
],
"__requires": [
{
"type": "panel",
"id": "bargauge",
"name": "Bar gauge",
"version": ""
},
{
"type": "grafana",
"id": "grafana",
"name": "Grafana",
"version": "7.2.0"
},
{
"type": "panel",
"id": "graph",
"name": "Graph",
"version": ""
},
{
"type": "datasource",
"id": "prometheus",
"name": "Prometheus",
"version": "1.0.0"
},
{
"type": "panel",
"id": "singlestat",
"name": "Singlestat",
"version": ""
},
{
"type": "panel",
"id": "table-old",
"name": "Table (old)",
"version": ""
}
],
"annotations": {
"list": [
{
"builtIn": 1,
"datasource": "-- Grafana --",
"enable": true,
"hide": true,
"iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
"name": "Annotations & Alerts",
"type": "dashboard"
}
]
},
"description": "Windows Prometheus monitors the display of the dashboard, adds the resource summary display, and optimizes the detailed display. Update to support windows_exporter 0.13.0.",
"editable": true,
"gnetId": 13466,
"graphTooltip": 1,
"id": null,
"iteration": 1602471179424,
"links": [
{
"icon": "bolt",
"tags": [],
"targetBlank": true,
"title": "Update",
"tooltip": "Update current dashboard",
"type": "link",
"url": "https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/13466"
},
{
"icon": "question",
"tags": [],
"targetBlank": true,
"title": "GitHub",
"tooltip": "View more dashboards",
"type": "link",
"url": "https://github.com/prettysolution/"
},
{
"asDropdown": true,
"icon": "external link",
"tags": [],
"targetBlank": true,
"type": "dashboards"
}
],
"panels": [
{
"collapsed": false,
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"gridPos": {
"h": 1,
"w": 24,
"x": 0,
"y": 0
},
"id": 41,
"panels": [],
"title": "Resource overview (associated JOB item) currently selected host: 【$show_hostname】 instance: $instance",
"type": "row"
},
{
"columns": [],
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"custom": {}
},
"overrides": []
},
"fontSize": "80%",
"gridPos": {
"h": 6,
"w": 24,
"x": 0,
"y": 1
},
"id": 45,
"pageSize": null,
"showHeader": true,
"sort": {
"col": 0,
"desc": true
},
"styles": [
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1557",
"alias": "operating system",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "product",
"preserveFormat": false,
"sanitize": false,
"thresholds": [],
"type": "string",
"unit": "short",
"valueMaps": []
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1570",
"alias": "hostname",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"link": false,
"linkTooltip": "",
"linkUrl": "",
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "hostname",
"preserveFormat": false,
"thresholds": [],
"type": "string",
"unit": "short"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1609",
"alias": "instance",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"link": true,
"linkTargetBlank": false,
"linkTooltip": "${__cell_4}",
"linkUrl": "/d/Kdh0OoSGz/?var-job=${__cell_5}&var-hostname=All&var-instance=${__cell_4}",
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "instance",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "string",
"unit": "short"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1622",
"alias": "CPUs",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #B",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "string",
"unit": "short"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1635",
"alias": "RAM",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": null,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #C",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "number",
"unit": "bytes"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:2635",
"alias": "uptime",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": null,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #D",
"thresholds": [
"259200",
"432000"
],
"type": "number",
"unit": "s"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1809",
"alias": "C:/ usage rate",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #E",
"thresholds": [
"60",
"80"
],
"type": "number",
"unit": "percentunit"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1821",
"alias": "Most used partition%",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #F",
"thresholds": [
"60",
"80"
],
"type": "number",
"unit": "percentunit"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:2286",
"alias": "processes",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"link": false,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #G",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "string",
"unit": "short"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:2297",
"alias": "services",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #H",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "string",
"unit": "short"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:3599",
"alias": "CPU usage",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #I",
"thresholds": [
"50",
"70"
],
"type": "number",
"unit": "percent"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:3610",
"alias": "Memory usage",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #J",
"thresholds": [
"60",
"80"
],
"type": "number",
"unit": "percent"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:5929",
"alias": "frequency",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #K",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "number",
"unit": "rothz"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1311",
"alias": "",
"align": "right",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"decimals": 2,
"pattern": "/.*/",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "hidden",
"unit": "short"
}
],
"targets": [
{
"expr": "windows_os_info{job=~\"$job\"} * on(instance) group_right(product) windows_cs_hostname",
"format": "table",
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "",
"refId": "A"
},
{
"expr": "time() - windows_system_system_up_time{job=~\"$job\"}",
"format": "table",
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "",
"refId": "D"
},
{
"expr": "windows_cs_logical_processors{job=~\"$job\"} - 0",
"format": "table",
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "",
"refId": "B"
},
{
"expr": "avg by (instance) (windows_cpu_core_frequency_mhz{job=~\"$job\"})",
"format": "table",
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "",
"refId": "K"
},
{
"expr": "100 - (avg by (instance) (irate(windows_cpu_time_total{job=~\"$job\",mode=\"idle\"}[2m])) * 100)",
"format": "table",
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "CPU usage",
"refId": "I"
},
{
"expr": "windows_cs_physical_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job\"} - 0",
"format": "table",
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "",
"refId": "C"
},
{
"expr": "100 - 100 * windows_os_physical_memory_free_bytes{job=~\"$job\"} / windows_cs_physical_memory_bytes{job=~\"$job\"}",
"format": "table",
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "Memory usage",
"refId": "J"
},
{
"expr": "1 - (windows_logical_disk_free_bytes{job=~\"$job\",volume=~\"C:\"}/windows_logical_disk_size_bytes{job=~\"$job\",volume=~\"C:\"})",
"format": "table",
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "",
"refId": "E"
},
{
"expr": "max by (instance) (1-windows_logical_disk_free_bytes{job=~\"$job\"}/windows_logical_disk_size_bytes{job=~\"$job\"})",
"format": "table",
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "",
"refId": "F"
},
{
"expr": "windows_os_processes{job=~\"$job\"}",
"format": "table",
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "",
"refId": "G"
},
{
"expr": "sum by (instance) (windows_service_state{job=~\"$job\",state=~\"running\"})",
"format": "table",
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "",
"refId": "H"
}
],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeShift": null,
"title": "$job：Server resource overview",
"transform": "table",
"type": "table-old"
},
{
"aliasColors": {},
"bars": false,
"dashLength": 10,
"dashes": false,
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"decimals": 1,
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
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"links": []
},
"overrides": []
},
"fill": 1,
"fillGradient": 0,
"gridPos": {
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"x": 0,
"y": 7
},
"hiddenSeries": false,
"id": 47,
"legend": {
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"avg": true,
"current": true,
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"show": false,
"sort": "current",
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"total": false,
"values": true
},
"lines": true,
"linewidth": 1,
"links": [],
"nullPointMode": "null",
"options": {
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},
"paceLength": 10,
"percentage": false,
"pluginVersion": "7.2.0",
"pointradius": 5,
"points": false,
"renderer": "flot",
"seriesOverrides": [],
"spaceLength": 10,
"stack": false,
"steppedLine": false,
"targets": [
{
"expr": "100 - (avg by (instance) (irate(windows_cpu_time_total{job=~\"$job\",mode=\"idle\"}[2m])) * 100)",
"hide": false,
"interval": "",
"intervalFactor": 1,
"legendFormat": "{{instance}}",
"refId": "B"
}
],
"thresholds": [],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeRegions": [],
"timeShift": null,
"title": "CPU usage of each host",
"tooltip": {
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"value_type": "cumulative"
},
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],
"yaxis": {
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}
},
{
"aliasColors": {
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"Free physical memory": "semi-dark-green",
"Free virtual memory": "super-light-blue",
"Physical memory": "dark-red",
"Virtual memory": "dark-blue"
},
"bars": false,
"dashLength": 10,
"dashes": false,
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"fieldConfig": {
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},
"overrides": []
},
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},
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},
"lines": true,
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},
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{
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}
],
"spaceLength": 10,
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"steppedLine": false,
"targets": [
{
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"instant": false,
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"legendFormat": "{{instance}}",
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}
],
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"value_type": "individual"
},
"type": "graph",
"xaxis": {
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},
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}
},
{
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"dashes": false,
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"fieldConfig": {
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},
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},
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},
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"pointradius": 5,
"points": false,
"renderer": "flot",
"seriesOverrides": [],
"spaceLength": 10,
"stack": false,
"steppedLine": false,
"targets": [
{
"application": {
"filter": ""
},
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"functions": [],
"group": {
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},
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},
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"metric": "mysql_global_status_questions",
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},
{
"application": {
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},
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"format": "time_series",
"functions": [],
"group": {
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"host": {
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},
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"item": {
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},
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"metric": "mysql_global_status_questions",
"mode": 0,
"options": {
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"refId": "A",
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}
],
"thresholds": [],
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"timeRegions": [],
"timeShift": null,
"title": "Network details of the maximum traffic network card of each host",
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"value_type": "individual"
},
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},
{
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"fieldConfig": {
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},
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"x": 12,
"y": 36
},
"hiddenSeries": false,
"hideTimeOverride": false,
"id": 12,
"legend": {
"alignAsTable": false,
"avg": false,
"current": true,
"max": false,
"min": false,
"rightSide": false,
"show": true,
"total": false,
"values": true
},
"lines": true,
"linewidth": 1,
"links": [],
"nullPointMode": "null as zero",
"percentage": false,
"pluginVersion": "7.2.0",
"pointradius": 5,
"points": false,
"renderer": "flot",
"seriesOverrides": [],
"spaceLength": 10,
"stack": false,
"steppedLine": false,
"targets": [
{
"application": {
"filter": ""
},
"expr": "windows_system_threads{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$instance\"}",
"format": "time_series",
"functions": [],
"group": {
"filter": ""
},
"hide": false,
"host": {
"filter": ""
},
"interval": "",
"intervalFactor": 1,
"item": {
"filter": ""
},
"legendFormat": "system_threads",
"metric": "mysql_global_status_questions",
"mode": 0,
"options": {
"showDisabledItems": false
},
"refId": "A",
"step": 20
}
],
"thresholds": [],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeRegions": [],
"timeShift": null,
"title": "system_threads",
"tooltip": {
"shared": false,
"sort": 0,
"value_type": "individual"
},
"type": "graph",
"xaxis": {
"buckets": null,
"mode": "time",
"name": null,
"show": true,
"values": []
},
"yaxes": [
{
"$$hashKey": "object:414",
"format": "none",
"label": null,
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:415",
"format": "short",
"label": null,
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
}
],
"yaxis": {
"align": false,
"alignLevel": null
}
},
{
"aliasColors": {},
"bars": false,
"dashLength": 10,
"dashes": false,
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"custom": {},
"links": []
},
"overrides": []
},
"fill": 1,
"fillGradient": 0,
"gridPos": {
"h": 6,
"w": 6,
"x": 18,
"y": 36
},
"hiddenSeries": false,
"hideTimeOverride": false,
"id": 13,
"legend": {
"alignAsTable": false,
"avg": false,
"current": true,
"max": true,
"min": false,
"rightSide": false,
"show": true,
"total": false,
"values": true
},
"lines": true,
"linewidth": 1,
"links": [],
"nullPointMode": "null as zero",
"percentage": false,
"pluginVersion": "7.2.0",
"pointradius": 5,
"points": false,
"renderer": "flot",
"seriesOverrides": [],
"spaceLength": 10,
"stack": false,
"steppedLine": false,
"targets": [
{
"application": {
"filter": ""
},
"expr": "irate(windows_system_exception_dispatches_total{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$instance\"}[5m])",
"format": "time_series",
"functions": [],
"group": {
"filter": ""
},
"hide": false,
"host": {
"filter": ""
},
"interval": "",
"intervalFactor": 1,
"item": {
"filter": ""
},
"legendFormat": "exceptions",
"metric": "mysql_global_status_questions",
"mode": 0,
"options": {
"showDisabledItems": false
},
"refId": "A",
"step": 20
}
],
"thresholds": [],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeRegions": [],
"timeShift": null,
"title": "System exception dispatches",
"tooltip": {
"shared": false,
"sort": 0,
"value_type": "individual"
},
"type": "graph",
"xaxis": {
"buckets": null,
"mode": "time",
"name": null,
"show": true,
"values": []
},
"yaxes": [
{
"$$hashKey": "object:466",
"format": "short",
"label": null,
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:467",
"format": "short",
"label": null,
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
}
],
"yaxis": {
"align": false,
"alignLevel": null
}
}
],
"refresh": false,
"schemaVersion": 26,
"style": "dark",
"tags": [
"Prometheus",
"windows_exporter"
],
"templating": {
"list": [
{
"allValue": null,
"current": {},
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"definition": "label_values(windows_cs_hostname, job)",
"hide": 0,
"includeAll": false,
"label": "JOB",
"multi": false,
"name": "job",
"options": [],
"query": "label_values(windows_cs_hostname, job)",
"refresh": 1,
"regex": "",
"skipUrlSync": false,
"sort": 1,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
},
{
"allValue": null,
"current": {},
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"definition": "label_values(windows_cs_hostname{job=~\"$job\"}, hostname)",
"hide": 0,
"includeAll": true,
"label": "hostname",
"multi": false,
"name": "hostname",
"options": [],
"query": "label_values(windows_cs_hostname{job=~\"$job\"}, hostname)",
"refresh": 1,
"regex": "",
"skipUrlSync": false,
"sort": 5,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
},
{
"allValue": null,
"current": {},
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"definition": "label_values(windows_cs_hostname{job=~\"$job\",hostname=~\"$hostname\"}, instance)",
"hide": 0,
"includeAll": false,
"label": "instance",
"multi": false,
"name": "instance",
"options": [],
"query": "label_values(windows_cs_hostname{job=~\"$job\",hostname=~\"$hostname\"}, instance)",
"refresh": 1,
"regex": "",
"skipUrlSync": false,
"sort": 5,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
},
{
"allValue": null,
"current": {},
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"definition": "label_values(windows_cs_hostname{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$instance\"}, hostname)",
"hide": 2,
"includeAll": false,
"label": "Show the hostname used",
"multi": false,
"name": "show_hostname",
"options": [],
"query": "label_values(windows_cs_hostname{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$instance\"}, hostname)",
"refresh": 1,
"regex": "",
"skipUrlSync": false,
"sort": 0,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
}
]
},
"time": {
"from": "now-3h",
"to": "now"
},
"timepicker": {
"refresh_intervals": [
"10s",
"30s",
"1m",
"5m",
"15m",
"30m",
"1h",
"2h",
"1d"
],
"time_options": [
"5m",
"15m",
"1h",
"6h",
"12h",
"24h",
"2d",
"7d",
"30d"
]
},
"timezone": "",
"title": "windows_exporter for Prometheus Dashboard",
"uid": "Kdh0OoSGz2",
"version": 3
}
100 * sum by(instance, process, process_id) (rate(windows_process_cpu_time_total{instance="$instance", process!="Idle"}[5m]))
/ on(instance) group_left sum by(instance) (rate(windows_cpu_time_total{instance="$instance"}[5m]))
You can use above Promql to find CPU usage by per process
Conclusion:
By following these steps, you have successfully set up Windows monitoring using Grafana and Prometheus. This allows you to visualize and analyze metrics from your Windows servers, enabling proactive maintenance and efficient troubleshooting. Regularly check and update your monitoring setup to adapt to evolving system requirements and ensure optimal performance.
